What is defined as a permanent stiffening of a joint caused by muscle atrophy?

• A. Sprain
• B. Contracture
• C. Dislocation
• D. Arthritis

Answer: (B)

The correct answer, contracture, refers to a permanent tightness or shortening of muscles and tendons around a joint, which ultimately leads to a stiffening of that joint. This condition often arises from prolonged immobilization or muscle atrophy, which is the wasting away of muscle tissue. In situations where muscles are not used for extended periods, such as in cases of injury, illness, or after surgery, tendons may begin to lose elasticity. Over time, this results in decreased movement range at the joint, making it difficult to fully expand or flex.

Contractures can be particularly problematic for individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility, as the lack of use can cause joints to fix in a specific position, leading to more severe complications in mobility. Understanding contracture is vital for caregivers and nursing assistants, as prevention strategies can often involve encouraging movement or employing range-of-motion exercises.

The other terms mentioned describe different conditions: a sprain is an injury to ligaments from overstretching; dislocation refers to bones being displaced from their normal joint position; and arthritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the joints. Each of these conditions differs significantly from contractures in terms of causes and implications for mobility.